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Honorable Evgeniy I. Shaposhnikov

(Graduate of the Yeisk Higher Air Force College, Kharkov Higher Air Force College, Gagarin Moscow Air Force Academy, the Military Academy of the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces) is a Marshal of Aviation. From 1963 to 1966, he served as a military pilot in Western Ukraine; during his military service, he rose from a combat pilot (more than 4000 flight hours) to Commander in Chief of Air Force, holding numerous military appointments: Commander of the Air Force squadron and later, the Air Force regiment at the Western Group of Soviet Forces in East Germany (1969-75); Commander of Air Force Division in Western Ukraine (1975-79); Deputy Commander of the Carpathian Military District (1979-82); Commander of the Air Force of the Odessa Military District (1984-87); Commander of the Air Force at the Western Group of Soviet Forces in East Germany (1987-88); Deputy Commander of the Air Force of the Soviet Army (1988-90); and Commander of the Air Force of the Soviet Army (in 1990-91). In 1991, Marshal Shaposhnikov became Minister of Defense of the U.S.S.R. During his tenure as Minister of Defense, the Communist Party relinquished control of the Army. During the 1991 anti-Gorbachev August Coup, he played a key role in disbanding the GKChP. In 1992-93, he was Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces of the Commonwealth of Independent States. Later in 1993, Marshal Shaposhnikov was Secretary of the Security Council of the Russian Federation. In 1995-97, he was Director General of the "Aeroflot" Airlines. In recent years, Shaposhnikov served as an Assistant to the President of the Russian Federation on space and aviation developments. He is an Honored Pilot of Russia and has received numerous military decorations from the government. He is an author of several books, published in Russia and France, as well as several dozens of publications on concepts of national security and reforms in the Army and Military Industrial Complex

Ambassador Oleg A. Grinevsky

(M.A., post-graduate doctoral studies, Moscow Institute for International Affairs; Honorary Doctorate, Southampton University, UK) is an expert in disarmament, European and Middle Eastern problems. Currently, he is the Diplomat-in-Residence at the Monterey Institute of International Studies. In 1997-99, he was a visiting research fellow at Stanford University (Hoover Institution and the Center for International Security and Cooperation). He dedicated 40 years to the diplomatic service at the U.S.S.R./Russian Ministry of Foreign Affairs. During the Cuban Missile Crisis (1961), he worked in the Ministry's Special Group. He was a political adviser to Khrushchev, Brezhnev, Andropov, and Gorbachev. As Chair of the Ministry's Middle East Department, he worked on the peaceful settlement of Arab-Israeli conflicts and the Afghan war. Ambassador Grinevsky was the head of the Soviet Delegations to the CSCE Stockholm Conference, where the first agreement in the perestroika era on Confidence and Security-Building Measures was signed (CSBM, 1986); to the Vienna Conference on Conventional Armed Forces Reductions in Europe (CFE); and to the European Conference on Confidence and Security-Building Measures, which led to the agreement in Vienna on CSBMs in Europe in 1990, and to CFE treaty in Paris (1990). He served as Gorbachev's Ambassador-at-Large. In this capacity, he negotiated with leaders of various countries, including Margaret Thatcher, Franz Vranitzky, Saddam Hussein, and Muammar al-Qadhafi. In 1991-97, he was Russian Ambassador to Sweden. He is an author of seven books published in Russia, Sweden, and Germany.

Dr. Vagit U. Alekperov

(M.S., Azerbaijan Oil-Chemical University; Ph.D., I.M. Gubkin Russian State University of Oil and Gas) is president of Lukoil. He worked at Caspian and Siberian oil fields, where he held different positions ranging from Mining Engineer to Director General of Kogalymneftegaz, a major oil production association. In 1990, he became Deputy Minister of the Soviet Ministry of the Oil and Gas Industry. In 1991, Dr. Alekperov founded Lukoil Oil Concern, which combined several Russian oil-extracting and oil-processing companies. Lukoil is a major client of the Russian defense enterprises that started civilian production by manufacturing different types of equipment for the petroleum industry. Dr. Alekperov is the author of 14 publications.

Dr. Victor I. Danilov-Danil'yan

(M.S. in mechanics and mathematics, Moscow State University; Ph.D. in Economics, Moscow State University) is President of the International Independent University of Environmental and Political Science. He is past Chairman of the Russian Federation State Committee for Environmental Protection. He is a member of the United Nations Environment Programme's Governing Council. Dr. Danilov-Danil'yan worked in different institutes of the Academy of Sciences of the U.S.S.R. and was a professor at Moscow State University. He is a founder and chair of the Department of Ecology at the Academy for the National Economy. He served as the chair of several state commissions on Lake Baikal and the Caspian Sea, and was vice-chair of the commission that coordinated all ministries' environmental protection efforts. Since 1991, he has been Minister of Environmental Protection and Natural Resources of Russia. Dr. Danilov-Danil'yan is a Full Member of the Academy of Natural Sciences, the Academy of Ecology, and the International Academy of Sciences. He is the author of several environmental programs, including one on the economic mechanism for the use of nature and natural resources. Dr. Danilov-Danil'yan is the author of more than 200 articles, books, monographs, and textbooks.

Dr. Mikhail I. Gerasev

(M.S. in Nuclear Physics, Moscow Physical Engineering University; Ph.D. in History, Moscow University) is a Deputy Director of the Federal State Company Rossiiskie Tekhnologii. His doctoral dissertation was dedicated to the U.S. decision-making process in the area of strategic arms acquisition In 1997-98, he was General Director of the Center for Economic Analysis. From 1979 to 1997, Dr. Gerasev served in different capacities at the Institute for the USA and Canadian Studies of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He worked at the Institute's Department of Military Policy, was a Deputy Director of the Center for Conversion and Privatization, and was Director of the Center for Strategic and Military Technological Studies. In 1995-97, he was a Deputy Director of the Institute for the USA and Canadian Studies. In 1979, he served as an intern at the Soviet Embassy in Washington, D.C. At the end of the 1980s, he participated in the U.S.-Soviet defense conversion project between Stanford University and the Institute for the USA and Canadian Studies. In 1989 and 1991, he was a visiting scholar at the Center for International Security and Arms Control, Stanford University. Dr. Gerasev is the author of numerous books and articles. His major areas of interest are strategic stability, arms control, and ballistic missile defense.

Dr. Elena I. Ivanova

(M.A., Ph.D. in Economics, Moscow State University) is a Senior Research Associate at the Center of Demography and Human Ecology, Institute for Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences. She was a Research Associate at the Center for Population Studies, Moscow State University (1984-1993). In 1997, Dr. Ivanova was a visiting scholar at the Morrison Institute at Stanford University. She is the author of numerous publications on population studies, as well as a member of Population Association of America (PAA) and European Association for Population Studies (EAPS).

Mr. Vitaliy L. Katayev

(M.S., Kazan Aviation University) is Director General of the Military Industrial Complex Business Center, which specializes in civilian applications of missile systems (including ICBMs) and other advanced technologies. From 1960 to 1974, he worked in the Soviet aviation industry. He was a distinguished designer and the creator of numerous aviation and missile systems. During his service in the Soviet Defense Industries, he was a curator of the development of strategic ballistic-missile submarines. He was a member of the military policy development group and participated in international negotiations on arms control and disarmament. From 1974 to 1991, Katayev held senior executive positions, including that of Deputy Chairman, at the Department of Defense Industry of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the U.S.S.R. In 1990-92, he was an advisor to the Office of the President of the U.S.S.R. Katayev has numerous inventions, patents, and publications to his name.

Dr. Sergey K. Kolpakov

(M.S., Bauman Moscow State Technical University; Ph.D., Moscow Scientific Research Institute of the Ministry of Defense) is a Deputy Director of the Interdisciplinary Analytical Center. Between 1973 and 1991, he worked in the defense industry. He participated in the Soyuz-Apollo joint Russian-American space project. Being a leading expert in defense conversion, he is a member of several international and Russian committees on defense conversion, investment, and cooperation. Dr. Kolpakov is the author and co-author of the first Russian defense conversion programs, as well as fundamental analytical publications on defense conversion and international cooperation.

Dr. Leonid Ya. Kosals

(M.A., Novosibirsk State University; Ph.D., Institute of Economy and Industrial Engineering, Soviet Academy of Sciences; Ph.D., Institute for Socio-Economic Problems of the Population, Russian Academy of Sciences) is a Chief Researcher at the Institute for Socio-Economic Problems of the Population, Russian Academy of Sciences. He has been a Senior Researcher in the International Center for Research into Economic Transformation and the Russian Center for Public Opinion Research (Moscow, 1991-1993). In 1992-1993, he was engaged as an expert at the Russian government's Working Center for Economic Reform. He was a researcher at the Institute of Economy and Industrial Engineering, Soviet Academy of Sciences (1980-1990) and Head of Sociological Branch of Economic Department at Novosibirsk State University (Novosibirsk, 1990). Dr. Kosals is the author of 135 publications, including three books, in the fields of the socio-economic factors of innovation, enterprise behavior in economies under transition, and Russia's military-industrial complex.

Dr. Alexander P. Kotov

(M.S., Ph.D., Moscow Power Engineering University; Ph.D., Institute of Economics of the Russian Academy of Sciences) is the Director of the Scientific Institute of Economics and Industrial Management at the Higher School of Economics State University. He is a past Director of the Central Scientific and Research Institute of Economics and Defense Conversion. He has worked at several research organizations in defense industries and became an expert on economic issues within the Military Industrial Complex during the period of transition toward a free market economy. Since 1990, Dr. Kotov has participated in the creation and development of Russian defense conversion laws and programs, and all Russian defense conversion laws. He is the author of five books and 50 papers.

Dr. Evgeniy M. Kozhokin

(M.A.; Ph.D. in History, Moscow State University) is the Director of the Russian government's Institute for Strategic Research. In 1980-90, he worked at the Institute of the International Workers' Movement and at the Institute of General History at the Academy of Sciences. During that period, he was a member of the Moscow Tribune Liberal Intelligentsia Club, established by Nobel Laureate Andrei Sakharov. In 1990, Kozhokin was elected to the Supreme Soviet of the Russian Federation, where he headed the Subcommittee on the Intelligence and International Security. He is the author of 50 papers and books.

Dr. Boris A. Revich

(M.D., 1st Moscow Medical Institute; Ph.D., Central Institute of Advanced Medical Education, Moscow, Russia) is a Leading Researcher at the Center for Demography & Human Ecology of the Institute of Forecasting of the Russian Academy of Sciences. He is a Professor in the Department of Human Ecology of the Moscow Independent University for Ecological Policy. He was a principal researcher for a number of projects on environmental epidemiology: Database of Experts in Russia (1993-95), Regional Peculiarities in Public Health and Environmental Situations (1990-91), Lead and Children's Health in Russian Cities (1996-2000). He was the head of the Russian component of the international project on PCBs and Infertility (1996-97). In 1999, he was a supervisor for the project "Russian Environmental Health Action Plan". He was a training team leader for the World Bank project environmental epidemiology. At the present time, he is conducting research on the effects of dioxins on male sexual development and their relation to breast cancer. Currently, he is an expert for the United Nations Environment Programme, the World Bank, the Russian Federation State Committee for Environmental Protection, and the Ministry of Health. In 1997, he was a visiting research fellow at the Morrison Institute at Stanford University.

Dr. Rozalina R. Ryvkin

(M.A., St. Petersburg State University; Ph.D., Tomsk University; Professor, Novosibirsk University) is Head of the Laboratory for Economic Sociology at the Institute for Socio-Economic Problems of the Population, Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow. She was the head of the Department of Expert Surveys, Russian Center for Public Opinion Research, Moscow (1991-94); Chief Researcher and Head of the Sector of Methodology in Economic and Social Research, Institute of Economy and Industrial Engineering, U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences (Novosibirsk, 1966-91) and Professor in the Economics Department of Novosibirsk University (Novosibirsk, 1981-88). She helped revive the field of sociology in the Soviet Union in the 1960s, and is an expert in the methodology of social research and economic sociology. She is the author of more than 300 publications, including 10 books in the fields of social factors of the transition period in Russia, managerial behavior, and social issues in labor relations.

Dr. Vitaliy V. Shlykov

(M.A., Moscow Institute for International Affairs; Ph.D., Institute of the World Economy and International Affairs; Dr. Military Science, Military-Diplomatic Academy) is a military economist. He is a consultant and a member of the Council on Foreign Policy and Defense Policy. From 1958 to 1988, he worked in the area of military intelligence for the General Staff of the Soviet Armed Forces; for 10 years, he was Chief of the Directorate for Assessment of the economy and defense mobilization preparedness of the U.S.S.R. and its potential military enemies. In 1990-92, Shlykov was Deputy Chairman of the State Defense and Security Council, ranking as a Deputy Minister in the Russian government. He is the author of more than 50 books, monographs and papers.

Dr. Alexey N. Shulunov

(M.S. in Power Engineering, Ivanovo Textile University; Ph.D. in Engineering, Moscow Technical University) is a Founder and First Vice President of the League for Support of Russian Defense Enterprises and Director of the State Central Institute of Radio-Engineering. Starting his career as an engineer, he rose to the post of director in a defense enterprise. He held the position of Chair of the Department at the Ministry of Radio-Engineering Industry. Dr. Shulunov is a member of Duma commissions and is involved in the creation of legislation, governmental decrees, and regulations on MIC enterprises and defense conversion. He has been awarded the State Prize and is the author of more than 20 scientific publications.

Dr. Vitaliy Y. Vitebsky

(M.S., Ural Technical University; Ph.D., Academy of Defense Industries) is a Deputy Department Chief at the Ministry of Economics of the Russian Federation. He was a Chief Designer at one of the Ural defense plants. During the years of perestroika, he entered politics as a People's Deputy from the Ural Region. Dr. Vitebsky was elected a Deputy Head of the Industry and Energy Committee of the Supreme Soviet of Russia. Since 1993, he has held different senior executive positions within the Russian government of the Russian Federation. Dr. Vitebsky is the author of the Russian law On Defense Conversion. He also co-authored the laws on intellectual property protection, and has written 30 books and papers published in Russia and abroad. Dr. Vitebsky has represented Russia at several international conferences and symposiums on defense conversion and cooperation, including the Russian-German Conference on Investments in Russia (Moscow, 1992), European Parliament hearings on conversion in Russia (Belgium, 1993), a conference on Russian and European cooperation (Switzerland, 1993), the NATO Joint Council Meeting (Belgium, 1998), and other hearings in the United States, France, and the United Kingdom.

Dr. Rem I. Vyakhirev

(M.S., Ph.D., Samara Industrial University) is Chairman of the Board of Gazprom, a Russian natural gas company. He started his carrier in the oil and gas industries as a field manager. Dedicating several decades to this industry, he held a number of executive positions, including Director of the Orenburg Gas Extraction and Tumen Gas Industries production associations. Later, he was promoted to the position of Deputy Minister of the Gas Industry of the U.S.S.R. In 1992, Vyakhirev was one of the founders and Chairman of Gazprom, which within several years became the giant of the Russian gas industry and the largest natural gas company in the world. In 1997, Gazprom entered the Financial Times' listing of the world's top 100 companies in terms of market capitalization. Vyakhirev is a recipient of the State Prize, a member of several Russian and International Academies, an honorary professor of Samara University, and has more than 70 inventions and publications to his name.

Dr. Zhanna A. Zaionchkovskaya

(M.A., Moscow State University; Ph.D., U.S.S.R. Academy of Sciences, Siberian Branch) is Head of the Laboratory of Population Migration at the Center of Demography and Human Ecology, Institute for Economic Forecasting, Russian Academy of Sciences. She has held different research positions in the Institute of Economics at the Siberian Branch of the Academy of Sciences and in the Council for Research of Industrial and Labor Resources of the U.S.S.R. State Planning Committee (Gosplan). Dr. Zaionchkovskaya is a specialist in the field of regional and social problems. She is a member of the Executive Body in charge of the Federal Migration Services of Russia and sits on the editorial board of the annual collection of demographic research papers. Zaionchkovskaya was a research fellow at RAND Corporation and at the Morrison Institute for Population and Resource Studies at Stanford University. She is the author of more than 100 books and papers.